ABSTRACT
Aims: This article present alternatives of bioactive materials use for direct pulp capping in immature teeth and for apexogenesis.Case report: Two case reports with the application of bioactive cementsare presented here: one in a tooth with pulp exposure and another with deep carious lesion, pulp exposure and open apex.Results: In both cases, the treatment was performed in one visit and a favorable clinical and radiographic follow-up was achieved.Conclusion: The use of bioactive materials ledto the formation of a dentin bridge and healing process in the pulp tissue exposure, without the need for conventional endodontic treatment
ABSTRACT
Background: Infection control is mandatory for revascularization procedures, enabling to eliminate patient's clinical symptoms and signs. Despite presenting a complex morphology when compared to anterior teeth, if a strict disinfection protocol is adopted and the revascularization procedure's biological principles are followed, the therapy can be successful in molar teeth. Methods: This case report aims to present a clinical case of successful revascularization in an immature permanent necrotic second lower molar. Clinical decisions and explanations regarding possible mechanisms related to the treatment's success in a tooth with complex morphology are discussed. Results: Revascularization procedures were performed on a 12-year-old male patient diagnosed with symptomatic periapical periodontitis in a tooth 37. The case highlights the need for infection control and biological principles that surrounds the success of this therapy. Follow-up times presented in this case were six months, 1, 2, 4 and 4.5-years, respectively. Continued root development was observed, and the tooth remains intact and without symptoms. Conclusion: The association of infection control and the biological principles of revascularization procedures allow the maintenance and continuation of tooth development, even when these present complex morphologies.
ABSTRACT
Loss of teeth vitality when root formation is incomplete, results in weaker structures leaving them prone to fractures and unfavourable long-term prognosis. Apexogenesis is currently the treatment of choice in immature teeth and is indicated in vital teeth without pulpal pathologies. The treatment aims to eliminate the causal agent of the damage, and provide the necessary conditions to preserve vitality in the tooth and induce apical root closure. A 6-year-old male patient was treated at the Endodontics Clinic, Universidad de La Frontera upon complaining of acute pain in tooth 30. The tooth presented incomplete root development due to dental caries with pulp exposure and a diagnosis of irreversible symptomatic pulpitis. Total pulpotomy was performed with the application of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and controlled at 1, 4, 6, 7 and 12 months, achieving root development and apical closure in the permanent molar. The result was comparable with studies that support this therapy in teeth with irreversible pulpitis. This work seeks to contribute to the existing evidence on the management of immature permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis to induce root development and apical closure, and maintain pulp vitality.
La pérdida de vitalidad en dientes con formación radicular incompleta trae como resultado el debilitamiento de estos, dejándolos propensos a fracturas con un desfavorable pronóstico a largo plazo. Las terapéuticas actuales de regeneración pulpar en dientes inmaduros estan principalmente indicadas en cuadros de pulpitis irreversible y buscan eliminar el agente causal de daño y brindarle al diente las condiciones y estímulos necesarios para preservar vitalidad e inducir el cierre apical radicular. Un paciente de 6 años de edad y de sexo masculino, acude a la Clínica de Especialidad de Endodoncia de la Universidad de la Frontera, consultando por un dolor agudo en diente 4.6 el cual presentaba un desarrollo radicular incompleto producto de una caries con exposición pulpar con diagnóstico de Pulpitis Irreversible Sintomática. Se realiza una pulpotomia total con aplicación de Mineral Trioxide Aggregate y se controla a los 1, 4, 6 y 7 meses obteniendo un interesante resultado comparable con estudios que avalan dicha terapeutica en dientes con pulpitis irreversible. Este trabajo busca contribuir a la evidencia existente sobre el manejo de dientes permanentes inmaduros con cuadros de pulpitis irreversible para inducir el desarrollo radicular, cierre apical y mantener vitalidad pulpar.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Oxides/administration & dosage , Pulpitis/therapy , Pulpotomy/methods , Silicates/administration & dosage , Calcium Compounds/administration & dosage , Aluminum Compounds/administration & dosage , Regeneration , Root Canal Filling Materials , Dentition, Permanent , Tooth, Nonvital/therapy , Dental Caries , Drug Combinations , ApexificationABSTRACT
Los dientes permanentes presentan desarrollo y formación radicular incompleta al momento de su erupción, el tejido pulpar es el encargado de culminar el proceso de formación radicular por intermedio de los odontoblastos que producen dentina, si la misma se ve afectada por traumatismo, lesión cariosa, resorción intracoronal pre eruptiva (PEIR por sus siglas en inglés) y/o fractura, se altera la vitalidad e incluso puede llegar a producirse necrosis pulpar, lo que ocasionará una interrupción de la formación radicular normal. Para el tratamiento de dientes permanentes jóvenes e inmaduros que han sufrido algún tipo de lesión, pero que aún mantienen la vitalidad pulpar, el procedimiento de apicogénesis con agregado de trióxido mineral (MTA) puede ser considerado como una opción viable, debido a la biocompatibilidad y capacidad de inducir la formación de tejidos duros. En el presente reporte de caso se presenta una pieza dental con antecedente de PEIR, tratada mediante apicogénesis con MTA, lográndose resultados favorables en cuanto al engrosamiento de paredes dentinales, desarrollo radicular y mantenimiento de la vitalidad pulpar.
The permanent teeth have an incomplete development and root formation at the time of its eruption, the pulp tissue is responsible for completing the process of root formation by means of odontoblasts that produce dentin, if it is affected by trauma, carious lesion, Pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption (PEIR) and / or fracture, pulp vitality is altered and pulp necrosis may even occur, which will cause an interruption of the normal radicular formation. For the treatment of immature permanent teeth that have suffered some type of injury, but still maintain pulp vitality, the procedure of apexogenesis with added mineral trioxide (MTA) can be considered as a viable option, due to the biocompatibility and capacity of induce the formation of hard tissues. In this case report we present a tooth with a history of PEIR, treated by apexogenesis with MTA, achieving favorable results in terms of thickening of dentinal walls, root development and maintenance of pulpal vitality.
ABSTRACT
El tratamiento endodóntico convencional en casos de dientes con desarrollo radicular incompleto y periodontitis apical incluye opciones como la cirugía endodóntica o laapexificación mediante el uso de hidróxido de calcio o del compuesto de minerales trióxido. Sin embargo, numerosos ensayos ex vivo e in vivo en modelos animales, así como estudios clínicos en humanos, han demostrado que, luego de una adecuada desinfección y la formación de un coágulo sanguíneo, la posibilidad de obtener la regeneración de los tejidos infectados dentro del espacio del sistema de conductos radiculares permitiendo a su vez la continuación del desarrollo de la raíz en DDRI con periodontitis apical es actualmente una realidad con evidencia científicacomprobada. En ese sentido, la combinación de tres antibióticos talescomo metronidazol, ciprofloxacina y minociclina conocida como pasta triple antibiótica ha demostrado ser muy efectiva para obtener el nivel de desinfección necesaria. El propósito del presente estudio fue analizar la bibliografía referida al rol de la pasta triple antibiótica en endodoncia regenerativa para el tratamiento de dientes con desarrollo radicular incompleto con periodontitis apical.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child, Preschool , Child , Periapical Periodontitis/drug therapy , Regenerative Medicine/instrumentation , Regenerative Medicine/methods , Root Canal Filling Materials/pharmacology , Root Canal Filling Materials/therapeutic use , Tooth Apex/physiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/classification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Combinations , Tooth, Deciduous , Dentition, PermanentABSTRACT
Apexification is the endodontic procedure performed in order to induce the formation of a physical barrier of mineralized tissue in teeth with incomplete root formation. It is mainly performed when, for any reason, pulpal necrosis occurs in teeth with incomplete root formation and also in those cases where the foramen is open, due to root resorption. In these situations, conventional endodontic treatment becomes difficult or virtually impossible, because of the large foramen. The apexification procedure, in these cases, is generally performed by means of successive changes of calcium hydroxide dressings, aiming to induce the formation of a physical barrier of mineralized tissue, thus permitting the obturation of root canals. The protocol introduced in this article, as well as the clinical cases reported, illustrate an option for faster treatment, conducted within three sessions, by using a MTA cap or plug, material that offers good biological and physical properties.
A apicificação é o procedimento endodôntico realizado para induzir a formação de uma barreira física de tecido mineralizado em dentes com incompleta formação radicular. É realizada, principalmente, quando, por alguma razão, ocorre necrose pulpar em dentes com rizogênese incompleta e, também, nos casos em que o forame se encontra aberto, em função de reabsorção radicular. Nessas situações, o tratamento endodôntico convencional se torna difícil ou quase impossível, por causa do amplo forame. O procedimento de apicificação, nesses casos, é geralmente realizado por meio de trocas sucessivas de curativos de hidróxido de cálcio, com o objetivo de induzir a formação de uma barreira física de tecido mineralizado, possibilitando, então, a obturação dos canais radiculares. O protocolo apresentado neste artigo, bem como os casos clínicos relatados, ilustram uma opção de tratamento mais rápido, realizado em três sessões, utilizando um tampão ou plug de MTA, material que oferece boas propriedades biológicas e físicas.
ABSTRACT
Traumatic injuries to an immature permanent tooth may result in cessation of dentin deposition and root maturation. Endodontic treatment is often complicated in premature tooth with an uncertain prognosis. This article describes successful treatment of two traumatized maxillary central incisors with complicated crown fracture three months after trauma. The radiographic examination showed immature roots in maxillary central incisors of a 9-year-old boy with a radiolucent lesion adjacent to the right central incisor. Apexogenesis was performed for the left central incisor and revascularization treatment was considered for the right one. In 18-month clinical and radiographic follow-up both teeth were asymptomatic, roots continued to develop, and periapical radiolucency of the right central incisor healed. Considering the root development of these contralateral teeth it can be concluded that revascularization is an appropriate treatment method in immature necrotic teeth.
Subject(s)
Apexification , Crowns , Dentin , Follow-Up Studies , Incisor , Prognosis , Pulpotomy , ToothABSTRACT
Apexification has been a routine procedure for treating immature non-vital teeth with apical pathosis. Even with the advent of single visit apexification procedure using MTA as an apical barrier, no apexification method can produce the outcome that apexogenesis can achieve. Two new clinical concepts have emerged recently. A revascularization procedure is one approach, in which new vital tissue is expected to form in the cleaned canal space, allowing continued root development in terms of both length and thickness. The other approach is the tissue engineering technology to implant or regenerate the pulp tissue. This article will review the recent concepts in the treatment of immature teeth with non-vital pulps.
ABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: determinar as medidas lineares dos estágios de desenvolvimento da dentição permanente humana, usando tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC). MÉTODOS: este estudo foi desenvolvido a partir de bancos de dados de clínicas radiológicas privadas, envolvendo 18 pacientes (13 do sexo masculino, 5 do sexo feminino, com idades variando entre 3 e 20 anos). As imagens das TCFC foram obtidas por meio do sistema i-CAT e medidas com uma função específica do programa desse mesmo sistema. Duzentos e trinta e oito dentes foram analisados, em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento, nos planos coronal e sagital. O método foi baseado na delimitação e mensuração das distâncias entre pontos anatômicos correspondentes ao desenvolvimento das coroas e raízes dentárias. A partir dos valores obtidos, pôde-se desenvolver um modelo quantitativo para se avaliar os estágios inicial e final de desenvolvimento para todos os grupos dentários. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: as medidas obtidas dos diferentes grupos dentários estão de acordo com as estimativas das investigações publicadas previamente. As imagens por TCFC dos diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento podem contribuir no diagnóstico, planejamento e resultado dos tratamentos em diversas especialidades odontológicas. As dimensões das coroas e das raízes dentárias podem ter importantes aplicações clínicas e em pesquisas, constituindo uma técnica não invasiva que contribui com estudos in vivo. Entretanto, mais estudos são recomendados a fim de minimizar possíveis variáveis metodológicas.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the linear measurements of human permanent dentition development stages using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. METHODS: This study was based on databases of private radiology clinics involving 18 patients (13 male and 5 female, with age ranging from 3 to 20 years). Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images were acquired with i-CAT system and measured with a specific function of the i-CAT software. Two hundred and thirty-eight teeth were analyzed in different development stages in the coronal and sagittal planes. The method was based on delimitation and measurement of the distance between anatomical landmarks corresponding to the development of the dental crowns and roots. These measurements allowed the development of a quantitative model to evaluate the initial and final development stages for all dental groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The measurements acquired from different dental groups are in agreement with estimates of investigations previously published. CBCT images of different development stages may contribute to diagnosis, planning and outcome of treatment in various dental specialties. The dimensions of dental crowns and roots may have important clinical and research applications, constituting a noninvasive technique which contributes to in vivo studies. However, further studies are recommended to minimize methodological variables.